What this due-diligence check covers
Deeds and title records may reserve or convey mineral interests separately. Federal, state or private entities may own interests beneath private surface.
Rights to enter, explore or develop depend on the instruments and applicable law.
Why it matters before closing
Mineral ownership can affect surface use, financing, value, development conflict and future compensation.
What to verify
- Review the full deed chain and title exceptions.
- Identify reservations, leases and surface-use terms.
- Search applicable federal or state records.
- Obtain legal and mineral-title help for material concerns.
Red flags that deserve follow-up
- “Mineral rights included” without title evidence.
- Old reservation with broad surface rights.
- Active lease or well location nearby.
- Seller owns only a fraction of minerals.
Evidence to keep in the parcel file
- Mineral title documents
- Recorded leases and reservations
- Surface-use agreement
- Professional title opinion
Questions to ask before the deadline
- Which mineral interests convey?
- Are there active leases or claims?
- What surface access rights exist?
- Can wells or roads affect the building area?
- Is a mineral-title opinion needed?